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The Pernambuco civil defense has urged residents living in high-risk areas around the city of Recife to seek shelter elsewhere after the rain caused landslides there. Schools in Recife have opened to shelter displaced families.
Brazil's northeast has been suffering from exceptionally high volumes of rain, officials say. Some areas have registered more rain in a 24-hour period over the weekend than the total volume expected for the month of May.
Some parts of the state had a reprieve from the rain Monday as showers moved toward the coast, but Pernambuco is forecast to get another 30-60 mm of rain in the next two days, while isolated areas could see over 100 mm. The region could experience more than half a month's worth of rainfall in just four days, between Saturday over the weekend until the end of Tuesday.
Gusts -- which can lead to power outages and falling debris -- could also be as high has 100 kmph.
In December, downpours caused two dams to burst in nearby Bahia state, killing dozens and submerging entire streets.
Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro said the military would assist those impacted and that he would travel to Recife on Monday to assess the situation.
"Our Government made available, from the first moment, all its means to help those affected, including the Armed Forces," he tweeted on Sunday.
The climate crisis is making destructive extreme weather more common globally. As temperatures rise, the mean amount of rain in this part of Brazil is actually projected to decrease, but extreme rain events are expected to occur more frequently and intensely, according to scientific projections published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
That means some parts of Brazil will experience more prolonged droughts as well as more frequent and extreme rainfall events, which together make it more vulnerable to floods.
Why landslides occur is more complex, but they often happen during heavy rainfall in areas that have been overly deforested and built upon.
CNN Weather's Robert Shackleford and Monica Garrett contributed to this report. Marcelo Medeiros and Michelle Velez reported from Atlanta, Marcia Reverdosa in Sao Paulo and Amy Woodyatt in London.
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